GARDEN ARTISANS NEWSLETTER                                                                      AUGUST 2008

When I think of August, the first words that come to mind are "hot," "humid," and "beach," primarily because the beach is where I'd rather be than the sweltering summers of Washington, DC. If a relaxing beach vacation isn't on your calendar this month, try testing the temperatures with a low-maintenance container water garden instead! Lying in your new eucalyptus furniture with your eyes closed, a toe in the water, and a refreshing drink in hand, you might just forget you're only in your backyard.
Container Water Gardening

Container Water Gardening 
 
When I was in high school, my mom installed a pretty significant water garden into our backyard, equipped with goldfish, water lilies, and a mini-waterfall cascading into the pond below. The new addition made for pleasant evenings as we listened to the cascading water over dinner, yet I often found her slaving away at the water garden, trying to find the source of her latest leak, removing the algae, or fishing out the fallen leaves in autumn. Mom never complained, but this added work often made me wonder whether the new garden was worth its benefits. Even though I now realize steps could have been taken to decrease the maintenance -- such as securing a tighter seal along the edges, using a thicker liner, or covering the garden in the fall with a fine mesh to catch the leaves -- I'm still partial to the easier alternative: water gardens in containers. Mom's opinion, on the other hand? "If I had to do it over again, I would make the pond even bigger!"
 
Choosing the Container  
Container water gardens make for a cool respite to hot summer days, without the added maintenance required of in-ground water gardens.

And when the temperatures turn chilly, the ambience can often be transported indoors during the winter without much fuss, saving the extra expense of buying new plants the next spring. Many mediums will serve as a fine container, including watering troughs, barrels, ornamental containers, or even a bathtub. For an elegant effect, try an Orinoco Bowl from Garden Artisans, with different sizes and colors to coordinate with your plantings and other garden features. Our Montana Bowl is a more contemporary alternative for a shallower water garden, also in an assortment of earth-tone colors. I like to mix and match with several containers, creating a dramatic statement with various colors, sizes, and styles.
 
Perfect Plants

One of the most common mistakes made with water gardens is overplanting. A good rule of thumb is to plant approximately two-thirds of your water garden with plants, leaving the rest as open-water to allow good air flow and minimize plant disease. Another critical component is proper placing of the water garden; in order to ensure minimal algae growth and healthy plants, position your container garden so that it receives at least six hours of sun per day.

When it comes to water gardens, there are three common classifications to describe water loving plants:

1. Submerged/Oxygenating Plants - Roots can either be in soil or free-floating , with the entire plant most often completely submerged.
2. Marginal/Bog Plants - With a small portion of the plant above, or to the surface, of the water, marginal or bog plants tend to keep their roots and lower portions submerged.
3. Surface Plants - These plants have roots in soil, with long stems extending to, or through, the surface of the water.

Below is a list of plants ideal for wet environments. For variety, depth, and overall health of the water garden, I like to choose at least one plant per category when designing water gardens.

Submerged Plants:

Common Name

Latin Name

Light Requirements

Characteristics

Wild celery

Vallisneria sp.

Shade to sun

Ribbon-like, light green leaves

Fanwort

Cabomba canadensis

Shade to sun

Fan-like, bright green leaves

Dwarf
sagittaria

Sagittaria subulata 'Dwarf Sagittaria'

Sun

Grass-like, small

Vallisneria

Vallisneria americana 'Vallisneria'

Shade to sun

Grass-like, large

Marginal Plants:

Latin
Name

Common
Name

Light Requirements

Characteristics

Yellow flag iris

Iris pseudacorus

Full sun

Fine leaved, bright yellow flowers

Sweet flag

Acorus calamus

Shade to sun

Long narrow leaves, yellow-green flowers

Taro

Alocasia or Colocasia spp.

Full sun

Broad-leaved, easy to grow

Water lettuce

Pistia stratiotes

Full sun

Broad, softly rounded leaves

Spotted calla

Zantedeschia albomaculata

Full sun

The creamy white blooms make great cut flowers

Soft rush

Juncus effusus

Full sun

Grass-like plant, creating a soft, airy statement

Water hyacinth

Eichhomia crassipes

Full sun

Be extra careful when planting in warm climates; incredibly invasive if not contained

Water mint

Mentha aquatica

Full sun

Cascading plant with pale blue flowers and fragrant foliage

Spiky cattail

Typha laxmanni

Partial shade to full sun

Erect, grassy perennial with slender brown spikes

King Tut papyrus

Cyperus papyrus 'King Tut'

Partial shade to full sun

Beautiful green bracts that resemble umbrella frames

Juncus 'Big Twister'

Juncus

Full sun

Eye-catching spiral stems, up to 24" tall

Surface Plants:

Latin
Name

Common
Name

Light Requirements

Characteristics

Water lilies

Nymphaea spp.

Full sun

A colorful addition to the water garden; reserve for very large containers

Variegated spider lily

Hymenocallis caribaea 'Variegata'

Full sun

Gray-green foliage with cream edges and white, star-like blooms

Sincerely,
 

Courtney Capstack
Garden Artisans
About the Author

Courtney Capstack is a trained horticulturist from Virginia Tech. Courtney has worked at the Chicago Botanic Garden and as a volunteer at the Hahn Horticulture Garden. Courtney currently works at the American Horticultural Society in Alexandria, Virginia.

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Sources
Sources
 
Jarvis, Beth. "Yard & Garden Brief:  Container Water Gardening." 
University of Minnesota Extension Service.
http://www.extension.umn.edu/projects/yardandgarden/ygbriefs/h103watergarden.html
 
 
Perry, Leonard. "Water Gardening."  The Green Mountain Gardener.
University of Vermont Extension Department of Plant and Soil Science. http://www.uvm.edu/pss/ppp/articles/watergar.htm
 
Relf, Diane. "Planting a Water Garden."  Virginia Cooperative Extension.
August 1996. http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/envirohort/articles/lawns_and_landscaping/h2ogrdn.html
 
Robinson, Peter. The American Horticultural Society Complete
Guide to Water Gardening.
DK Publishing, New York, New York: 1997.
 
Sedbrook, Judy. "Selecting Plants for the Water Garden." Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/4DMG/Water/wtgrdplt.htm
 
Tomocik, Joseph. "Make a Big Splash with a Tiny Water Garden." Fine Gardening. 56, pp. 56-61.
 
"Water Gardening: Container Water Gardening." Urban Programs Resource
Network. University of Illinois Extension. http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/watergarden/container.html